the importance of the knowledge of meanings to understand hafiz’s roguery

many of distiches of hafiz verse, without any difficulties in words and phrases, are doubtful and controversial. this is an inherent feature of his sonnets and relates to his roguish versing manner; and in fact, is a part of his own roguery. to understand hafiz’s roguery, we have no choice except using a method that is able to remove those doubts. considering his skills in islamic rhetoric, knowledge of meanings might have been one of efficient tools to realize hafiz’s roguery and to solve disagreements on controversies in his diwan. so the author peruses some controversial distiches with attention to their secondary meanings which are of main topics in knowledge of meanings to indicate the efficiency rate of “meanings” in his roguery understanding.